International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Meningitis and Tuberculosis: A Correlation along with Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis Meningitis

Author(s) Vanita Jamba, Tanya Gupta
Country India
Abstract Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), is a communicable disease and a leading cause of death globally, especially in developing countries. It exists in active and latent forms, affecting both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. The pathophysiology of TB involves interactions with various immune cells, particularly T cells, in defense against the infection. On the other hand, meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and it can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Bacterial meningitis, associated with high mortality and risk of disability.
The article highlights the promulgation of TB into the brain and the immune responses within the brain, shedding light on the migration of M. tb into the central nervous system (CNS) and the innate immune responses involving microglia and cytokine secretion. The diagnostic methods for TB meningitis encompass neuroimaging, adenosine deaminase measurement in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, it discusses the treatment of TB meningitis, emphasizing traditional antimicrobial therapies, systemic corticosteroid therapy, adjunctive therapy, fluid management, surgical intervention for hydrocephalus, and considerations for patients co-infected with HIV. The treatment approaches stress the importance of timely and empirical treatment, the use of newer generation fluoroquinolones, systemic corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy, and surgical interventions for hydrocephalus. The article also addresses the potential challenges and considerations for patients co-infected with HIV, such as the risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), drug interactions, and the efficacy of adjunctive corticosteroids.
Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the correlation between TB and meningitis, covering their pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches. It emphasizes the complexity of managing TB meningitis and the importance of considering various factors, including immune responses, diagnostic accuracy, and tailored treatment strategies, particularly in the context of HIV co-infection.
Keywords Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), Central Nervous System (CNS), World Health Organization (WHO)
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024
Published On 2024-02-22
Cite This Meningitis and Tuberculosis: A Correlation along with Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis Meningitis - Vanita Jamba, Tanya Gupta - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024. DOI 10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.13750
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.13750
Short DOI https://doi.org/gtjtwf
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