International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Gastrointestinal Infections and Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Gut-Brain Connection

Author(s) Dr. Bushra Sumra, Abdul Qadir
Country USA
Abstract Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication, restrictive behaviors, and sensory processing difficulties. Recent research has highlighted the novel connection between gastrointestinal (GI) health and the brain, a relationship often referred to as the gut-brain axis. Gastrointestinal infections and disturbances in the gut microbiota have been thought as contributing factors to the manifestation and exacerbation of ASD symptoms. This paper explores how gut infections, especially chronic bacterial and viral infections, can influence neurological functioning and behavior in children with ASD. The review also focuses on the role of inflammation, immune responses, and gut dysbiosis in the gut-brain axis and their combined effect on autism symptoms.
Methods: this systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library using specific MeSH terms related to “Autism Spectrum Disorder,” “Gastrointestinal Infections,” “Gut-Brain Axis,” and “Microbiota.” The review focuses on studies published between 2009 and 2021, examining the link between gastrointestinal health and ASD in children aged 2 to 18.
Results: Intestinal infections, particularly those caused by Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile, and other viruses, are common in children with ASD. These conditions are associated with intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation, which impact the central nervous system andlead to abnormal behaviours such impatience, social disengagement, and elevated anxiety. Furthermore, morestudies suggest that dietary modifications and gut-related therapies, such as probiotics, may aid children with ASD with their behavioural and gastrointestinal issues.
Conclusion: An important factor in the development and aggravation of symptoms associated with ASD is intestinal infections. The gut-brain axis is disrupted by infections, which impact social and cognitive outcomes through processes such as immune activation, neuroinflammation, and gut dysbiosis. For patients with ASD, further study is required to completely comprehend this relationship and create focused treatment plans that take into account their brain and gastrointestinal health.
Keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gastrointestinal Infections, Gut-Brain Axis, Microbiota, Dysbiosis, Neuroinflammation, Probiotics, Therapeutic Interventions
Published In Volume 3, Issue 6, November-December 2021
Published On 2021-11-24
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2021.v03i06.20675
Short DOI https://doi.org/g82h7c
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