International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Nursing Care in Prevention of Post-Operative Pulmonary Complications among High-Risk Hospitalized Patients: A Case Study Design

Author(s) Sindhu.R
Country India
Abstract Introduction: Post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) such as pneumonia, atelectasis, and respiratory failure significantly impact surgical outcomes, especially among high-risk patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions, advanced age, or those undergoing major surgeries. Effective prevention of PPCs is critical for improving patient outcomes. Nursing care plays a pivotal role in this prevention through early mobilization, respiratory exercises, proper positioning, and vigilant monitoring.Objectives :This study investigates the effectiveness of nursing care in preventing PPCs among high-risk hospitalized patients.Methods: A descriptive case study design was used, involving 15 patients from a multispecialty hospital in Trivandrum who met the inclusion criteria of having more than four risk factors for PPCs and consented to participate. Data collection tools included demographic variables, clinical manifestation checklists, risk factors for PPCs, and an individualized nursing care plan. Over six weeks, patients were selected through convenience sampling and a 24-hour nursing care plan was implemented. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study sample consisted predominantly of elderly patients (73.3% aged above 60 years), with males constituting 66.7%. Significant risk factors included smoking history (66.7%) and elevated BMI (53.3%). All surgeries were performed under general anesthesia, with 60% lasting over 3-4 hours. Nursing interventions included deep breathing and coughing exercises, frequent position changes, early ambulation, use of an incentive spirometer, prophylactic antibiotics, and strict aseptic techniques. Most severe PPC symptoms were absent; however, mild symptoms like elevated temperature and cough were observed in 20% of patients. Discussion: The results indicate that the comprehensive nursing care strategies effectively prevented most significant PPCs. The absence of severe symptoms suggests the success of interventions such as early mobilization and respiratory exercises. The occurrence of mild symptoms in some patients highlights the need for ongoing refinement of nursing protocols. Conclusion: Effective nursing care significantly reduces PPC incidence in high-risk postoperative patients. This study supports the development of best practice guidelines for nursing care, emphasizing individualized care plans to improve patient outcomes and ensure high-quality healthcare services.
Published In Volume 6, Issue 4, July-August 2024
Published On 2024-07-15
Cite This Nursing Care in Prevention of Post-Operative Pulmonary Complications among High-Risk Hospitalized Patients: A Case Study Design - Sindhu.R - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 4, July-August 2024. DOI 10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.24607
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.24607
Short DOI https://doi.org/gt4ggq
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