A Comparative Review on the Sustainable Phyto-fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles using Azadirachta Indica, and Gmelina Arborea

Mehnoor Sidhu; Akhil Mangal

A Comparative Review on the Sustainable Phyto-fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles using Azadirachta Indica, and Gmelina Arborea

Author(s)	Mehnoor Sidhu, Akhil Mangal
Country	India
Abstract	The rise in bacterial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics is a significant issue in public health, which has sparked a growing interest in exploring innovative antibacterial treatments. The primary objective of this scientific pursuit was to discover a potent antibacterial agent derived from unconventional plant sources, to address human health concerns. Azadirachta indica and Gmelina arborea were investigated as alternate sources of antibacterial activities; which were synthesized in silver nanoparticles. Azadirachta indica and Gmelina arborea are both native plants to India so they can be easily used for silver nanoparticle formulations. To identify phytochemicals, present in Azadirachta Indica GC-MS analysis was used and it demonstrated the existence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and terpenes. The aqueous extracts derived from the leaves were employed to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AI-AgNPs), which was confirmed through colourimetric analysis with a peak absorbance at 400 nm. By optimizing the reaction parameters, a substantial yield of stable AI-AgNPs was achieved. These nanoparticles were further characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. An eco-friendly approach was employed to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using logging residue from Gmelina arborea (GA) timber trees. The bioactive compounds present in leaves, barks, flowers, fruits, and roots were determined through GC-MS analysis. The synthesis, morphology, and structure of GA-AgNPs were characterized using various techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties of GA-AgNPs were evaluated, and toxicity studies were conducted. The analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, sterols, aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and flavonoids in leaves, indicating that the leaf extract is an ideal choice for the photo-fabrication of silver nanoparticles. Both compounds underwent clinical testing using different methods, which resulted in the discovery of their improved antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and wound healing properties. The studies also demonstrated a straightforward and environmentally friendly approach to synthesizing AgNPs, which exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects and the ability to scavenge free radicals. Additionally, AgNPs were found to be a safe and eco-friendly delivery vehicle.
Keywords	Azadirachta indica; Gmelina arborea; antibacterial; antioxidant; green synthesis; hydrogel; silver nanoparticles; nanobiotechnology.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 6, Issue 4, July-August 2024
Published On	2024-07-26
Cite This	A Comparative Review on the Sustainable Phyto-fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles using Azadirachta Indica, and Gmelina Arborea - Mehnoor Sidhu, Akhil Mangal - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 4, July-August 2024.

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A Comparative Review on the Sustainable Phyto-fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles using Azadirachta Indica, and Gmelina Arborea

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