Advance in Riboflavin Biosynthesis: Fermentation Techniques, Enzymatic Pathways, Utilisation and Industrial Applications

Vivek J. Jetani

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.33195

Advance in Riboflavin Biosynthesis: Fermentation Techniques, Enzymatic Pathways, Utilisation and Industrial Applications

Author(s)	Vivek J. Jetani
Country	India
Abstract	Two molecules of ribulose 5-phosphate and one molecule of GTP are needed as substrates for the production of one riboflavin molecule. GTP's imidazole ring is hydrolytically opened to produce a 4,5-diaminopyrimidine, which is then followed by deamination, side chain reduction, and dephosphorylation to produce 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine is produced by condensing 5-amino-6-ribitylamino2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione with 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate, which is derived from ribulose 5-phosphate. Riboflavin and 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione are produced upon dismutation of the lumazine derivative and are then recycled throughout the biosynthetic process. Many studies have been conducted on the structure of the biosynthetic enzyme 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase. Under the direction of the inducible Pxyl promoter in B. subtilis PY, overexpression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) altered carbon flow in Bacillus subtilis through the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. The yield of riboflavin and the availability of ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) will change if the carbon input into the PP pathway is altered. The specific growth rate remained constant, but the glucose consumption rate significantly increased as a result of overexpres¬sion of G6PDH. A 25%±2 increase in riboflavin synthesis was achieved. Lower acid production (acetate andpyruvate) and higher acetoin formation were noted in comparison to by-product formation in flask culture. The results of metabolic studies and carbon flux redistribution showed that overexpression of G6PDH increases the fluxes in the PP pathway.
Keywords	Riboflavin, GTP Cyclohydrolase, Riboflavin Synthase, Lumazine Synthase, Ribulose-5-phosphate, Bacillus subtilis.
Field	Biology > Bio + Chemistry
Published In	Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2024
Published On	2024-12-15
Cite This	Advance in Riboflavin Biosynthesis: Fermentation Techniques, Enzymatic Pathways, Utilisation and Industrial Applications - Vivek J. Jetani - IJFMR Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2024. DOI 10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.33195
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.33195
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g8wkhz

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Advance in Riboflavin Biosynthesis: Fermentation Techniques, Enzymatic Pathways, Utilisation and Industrial Applications

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