International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Gender and Electoral Behavior: A Scoping Review on the Influences of Gender to the Voting Decisions during Election

Author(s) Paniamogan, Sharmaine, Cerezo, Melody, Amoncio, Joven, Simbajon, Princess Francel, Lumintao, Jornie
Country Philippines
Abstract This article explores the influence of gender on voting decisions during election. This article addresses the gap in current literature by conducting a scoping review of studies from the past five years. For this scoping review, the method is based on the five-stage framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), with updates from Levac et al. (2010), who added a sixth stage. The six stages include: (1) defining the research questions, (2) finding relevant studies, (3) selecting the studies, (4) organizing the data, (5) summarizing and reporting the results, and (6) consultation. This review explored the topic through the lens of Constructivist Theory, which posits that gender is socially and culturally constructed rather than biologically determined. This framework highlights the dynamic interaction between gender roles, societal norms, and electoral behavior, emphasizing the fluidity of gender in shaping voter perceptions and candidate evaluations. While the review identifies significant insights into how gender influences both political behavior and representation, it also underscores key gaps in the literature. Notably, there is a lack of comparative research on homophobic biases and their impact on the evaluation of non-binary candidates. Existing studies have not fully addressed the structural and cultural barriers LGBTQIA+ leaders face in political contexts. Another gap concerns the underexplored reasons why women and non-binary individuals may be less inclined to pursue political office. Despite the predominant focus on the positive impacts of gender in elections, the negative outcomes—such as the reinforcement of gender-based stereotypes and the marginalization of female and non-binary candidates—remain insufficiently studied. This review calls for future research to address these gaps, particularly regarding the unconscious biases voters may hold and the systemic barriers that affect perceptions of LGBTQIA+ leaders, in order to foster a more comprehensive understanding of gender’s role in electoral decision-making.
Keywords Gender’s Influence, Voting Decision, Election, Stereotypes, Representation, Cultural Nuances, Gender bias, Gender Role, LGBTQ+, Men and Women, Constructivist, Positive and Negative Outcomes
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2025
Published On 2025-01-12
Cite This Gender and Electoral Behavior: A Scoping Review on the Influences of Gender to the Voting Decisions during Election - Paniamogan, Sharmaine, Cerezo, Melody, Amoncio, Joven, Simbajon, Princess Francel, Lumintao, Jornie - IJFMR Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2025. DOI 10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.33290
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.33290
Short DOI https://doi.org/g82hpz
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