International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Comparative Study of Serfdom in Europe and India with Special Reference to Uttarakhand

Author(s) Dr. Shivchand Singh Rawat
Country India
Abstract Generally the existence of serfdom is not consider in the context of India, because the features of serfdom in India was not same as Europe, but, many elements of serfdom were existed in India. For example; the agricultural labourers in India were as the serfs, so to understand the serfdom in the context of India; we should remember that the particular system of any region is highly affected by its geographical, social and political conditions. So, it is not necessary that the condition of Serfdom would have been same in India and Europe; therefore, the concept of Serfdom being different in India is natural. As we know slaves have been used for agricultural works in India since ancient times, so, it is obvious that the higher class in India was dependent on the agro slaves for agricultural works by this way or other; this indicates the prevalence of Serfdom in India. The term of serf used for the slave who was used for agricultural works and his situation was better than a slave in some conditions. As serfdom was originated out of feudalism in Europe, likewise it came into existence in India out of land donations. According to land rights there were various groups of peasants in Europe, and after analysis there were also many groups of peasants in India and their conditions were same as peasants of Europe, in economic status and limited rights, but there were some differences also, in land ownership, labour and social structure. On this basis the existence of serfdom in India is clear by the special reference to Uttarakhand, with some differences.
Keywords Serf, Serfdom, Villein, Maurusidar, Khaikar, Sirtan, Kaini.
Field Arts
Published In Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2025
Published On 2025-03-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.38303
Short DOI https://doi.org/g86xcp
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