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भारत में न्यायपालिका और मौलिक अधिकार के संवैधानिक प्रावधान

Author(s) Bal Chand Regar
Country India
Abstract Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dh [kwclwjrh dk ,d dkj.k blesa foLrkj ls ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk mYys[k gksuk gSA ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk ds leqfpr çkoèkku Hkh lafoèkku gSaA lafoèkku lHkk esa ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa ij i;kZIr cgl ns[kus dks feyrh gSA 26 tuojh] 1950 dks lafoèkku ykxw gksrs le; lkr ekSfyd Fks] orZeku esa N% ekSfyd vfèkdkj gSA
lafoèkku ykxw gksus ds yxHkx 72 o"kks± esa U;k;ikfydk us ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkà gSa O;oLFkkfidk }kjk cuk;s x;s dkuwuksa rFkk dk;Zikfydk ds —R;ksa dh O;k[;k lafoèkku ds vkèkkj ij djds U;k;ikfydk us ukxfjdksa ds ekSfyd vfèkdkj dh j{kk esa fu.kkZ;d dk;Z fd;k gSA ge ;gka ij lafoèkku esa mYysf[kr ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh O;k[;k U;k;ky; ds fofHkUu fu.kZ;ksa ds lanHkZ esa dj jgs gSaA
ewy vfèkdkj O;fä ds O;fäRo fodkl dh U;wure vko';drk;sa gSA ewy vfèkdkj jkT; ds fo:) çkIr gksrs gSA ;fn jkT; dh LFkkiuk ds lkekftd le>kSrk fl)kUr dk vè;;u fd;k tk, rks mlls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd jkT; dh LFkkiuk gh lekt esa O;oLFkk dks LFkkfir djus vFkok eRL; U;k; ¼cM+h eNyh }kjk NksVh eNfy;ks dk vkgkj cuk ysuk½ dks lekIr djus gsrq gÃAHkkx rhu dks Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk *esXukdkVkZ* dgk tkrk gSA njvly 1208 esa baXyS.M ds jktk }kjk baXyS.M dh turk dks fn;s x;s vfèkdkjksa ds nLrkost dks *esXukdkVkZ* dgk tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ds Hkkx rhu esa Hkh ukxfjdksa ds vfèkdkjksa dk mYys[k gksus ds dkj.k bldh rqyuk *esXukdkVkZ* ls dh tkrh gSA dchyk lL—fr ds ;qx esa lHkh yksxksa us vius vfèkdkj jkT; ds i{k ds R;kx fn;s FksA ysfdu blls jkT; :ih lLFkk us 'kks"kd dk :i èkkj.k dj fy;kA jkT; ds 'kks"kd Lo:i ds fo:) yksxksa }kjk fd;s x;s la?k"kZ ds QyLo:i yksxks dks dqN vfèkdkj fn;s x;s] mUgsa gh ewy vfèkdkj dgk tkrk gSA ewy vfèkdkj jkT; ds fo:) gksus ds dkj.k gh vfèkdk'k ewy vfèkdkjksa dh ç—fr fu"ksèkkRed gksrh gSA
ewy vfèkdkj ekuokfèkdkjksa dh rqyuk esa ladh.kZ gSA D;ksafd ekuokfèkdkj ekuo ds ekuo gksus ds ukrs çkIr gksrs gS lkFk gh ;g fdlh ns'k dh lhek esa cèks gq;s ugh gksus ds dkj.k lhekrhr gksrs gSA tcfd ewy vfèkdkj ukxfjdksa dks çkIr gksrs gSA vfèkdka'k ewykfèkdkj dsoy ns'k ds ukxfjdksa dks gh çkIr gksrs gSA
ewy vfèkdkj okn ;ksX; gSA budh j{kk djus dk nkf;Ro vuqPNsn 32ds rgr~ mPpre U;k;ky; dk gS ,oa og buls bUdkj Hkh ugÈ dj ldrk gSA ewy lafoèkku esa 7 ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk mYys[k FkkA orZeku esa 6 ekSfyd vfèkdkj gSA 44 osa lafoèkku la'kksèku }kjk 1978 esa *lEifÙk dk vfèkdkj* dks ewy vfèkdkj ds :i esa lekIr dj fn;k x;k gS] vc ;s ,d fofèkd vfèkdkj gS ftldk mYys[k lafoèkku ds Hkkx XII ds vuqPNsn 300 A esa gSA
ekSfyd vf/kdkj ,oa U;k;ikfydk ekSfyd vfèkdkj jkT; ds fo:) esa çkIr gksrs gSA bl dkj.k ls budh ç—fr fu"ksèkkRed gksrh gSA
vuqPNsn 12%& blds vUrxZr ^jkT;* 'kCn dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA os lHkh lLFkk,¡ jkT; 'kCn dh ifjHkk"kkvksa esa vkrh gS] ftudh LFkkiuk ljdkj us dh gks ;k tks ljdkj ls foÙkh; lgk;rk çkIr djrh gksA
vuqPNsn 13¼i½ esa ;s mYysf[kr gS fd bl lafoèkku ds ykxw gksus ls igys dh dksà Hkh fofèk ;fn ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa ds lkFk vlaxr gSa rks 'kwU; gksxhA
vuqPNsn 13¼ii½ esa ;g mYysf[kr gS fd bl lafoèkku ds ykxw gksus ds ckn dh dksà fofèk ;fn ekSfyd vfèkdkjks ds lkFk vlxr gS rks 'kwU; gksxhA
U;k;ikfydk }kjk fdlh Hkh *fofèk* dh leh{kk lafoèkku ds vkèkkj ij djuk U;kf;d iqujkoyksdu dgykrk gSaA vuqPNsn 13 U;kf;d iqujkoyksdu dk laoSèkkfud vkèkkj gSA gkykafd lafoèkku ds fdlh Hkh vuqPNsn esa *U;kf;d iqujkoyksdu* tSlk 'kCn mYysf[kr ugÈ gSaA
vuqPNsn 13 ¼iii½ esa *fofèk* 'kCn dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA blds vuqlkj laln ;k jkT; foèkkue.My }kjk cuk;s x;s lHkh dkuwu] vkns'k] fu;e] fofu;e ¼Regulation½- vfèklwpuk ¼Notification½ ifji=] vè;kns'k rFkk çFkk,¡ fofèk 'kCn dh ifjHkk"kk esa vkrh gSaA
vuqPNsn 13¼iv½ esa ;s mYysf[kr gS fd bl vuqPNsn dh dksà ckr vuqPNsn 368 ds vèkhu fd;s x;s lafoèkku la'kksèku ij ykxw ugÈ gksxhA 24 osa lafoèkku la'kksèku }kjk bl èkkjk dks tksMk x;kA ds'kokuUn Hkkjrh cuke dsjy jkT; 1973[1] ds ekeys esa loksZPp U;k;ky; us ;s fu.kZ; fn;k fd vuqPNsn 368 ds rgr~ laln dks lafoèkku es la'kksèku djus dk vfèkdkj gS] ysfdu mls vkèkkj Hkwr lajpuk dks è;ku esa j[kuk gksxkA bl vkèkkj ij lafoèkku la'kksèkuksa dks Hkh U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA vuqPNsn 13 ds çkoèkkuksa ls nks fl)kUr çfrikfnr gksrs gS &
vkPNknu dk fl)kUr ¼Doctrine of Eclipse½ % dksà Hkh ,slh fofèk ;k fdlh dkuwu dh èkkjk ;fn lafoèkku ds lkFk vlaxr gSa rks og èkkjk lekIr u gksdj lafoèkku ml ij vkPNkfnr gks tk;sxkA
i`Fkôj.k dk fl)kUr ¼Ipatrine of severability½ %& ;fn fdlh dkuwu dh dksà èkkjk lafoèkku ds lkFk vlaxr gSa rks lEiw.kZ dkuwu lekIr ugÈ gksdj og èkkjk lekIr gks tkrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ Js;k Çl?ky cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼2012½ [2] okn esa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh vfèkfu;e 2000 dh èkkjk 66A lekIr dj nh xÃA Bhd blh çdkj tkslsQ 'kkbu cuke~ Hkkjr la?k ¼2018½ [3] esa vkÃ-ih-lh- dh èkkjk 497 lekIr dh xÃA
Keywords देश की सम्प्रभूता व अखण्डता, लोक व्यवस्था, देश की सुरक्षा, न्यायिक अवमानना, अन्य देशों के सम्बन्ध, अपराधों में वृद्धि, मानहानि, शिष्टाचार या सदाचार के हित में
Field Arts
Published In Volume 5, Issue 4, July-August 2023
Published On 2023-08-13
Cite This भारत में न्यायपालिका और मौलिक अधिकार के संवैधानिक प्रावधान - Bal Chand Regar - IJFMR Volume 5, Issue 4, July-August 2023.
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