Agricultural Drainage Water Assessment for Possible Reuse: A Case Study from Pandamatenga Commercial Arable Farms in Botswana

Simon Peter Kakooza; Khumoetsile Bratah Mmolawa; Gilbert Kabelo Gaboutloeloe; Anne Clift-Hill

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i05.6513

Agricultural Drainage Water Assessment for Possible Reuse: A Case Study from Pandamatenga Commercial Arable Farms in Botswana

Author(s)	Simon Peter Kakooza, Khumoetsile Bratah Mmolawa, Gilbert Kabelo Gaboutloeloe, Anne Clift-Hill
Country	Botswana
Abstract	This study set out to assess the quality of water in the drainage channel located in the northern plain of the Pandamatenga Commercial Arable farms in Botswana for possible agricultural reuse. This was achieved by analysing the physical, microbiological and chemical parameters of sampled Agricultural Drainage Water along the drainage channel. The results obtained from the Agricultural Drainage Water quality analysis were used in an Irrigation Water Quality Index model to assess the possibility of reusing the water. The Irrigation Water Quality Index results from the study revealed that the values computed from the five parameters of Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Electrical Conductivity, Sodium, Chloride and Hydrogen carbonate, ninety five percent of the samples fell within the “severe restriction” category, five percent of the samples fell under the “moderate restriction” and no samples belonged to the “no restriction” category. The low levels of Electrical Conductivity and Sodium Adsorption Ratio detected in the water samples during the study period indicated a mineral imbalance, hence making the Agricultural Drainage Water unsuitable for direct reuse. Therefore, using this Agricultural Drainage Water will require mixing it in proper ratios with groundwater to improve its quality for reusability during irrigation. If the Drainage Water is reused, this will have potential to increase the water for irrigation in semi-arid Botswana.
Keywords	Pandamatenga, Reuse, Agricultural Drainage Water, Irrigation Water Quality Index, Botswana.
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 5, Issue 5, September-October 2023
Published On	2023-09-17
Cite This	Agricultural Drainage Water Assessment for Possible Reuse: A Case Study from Pandamatenga Commercial Arable Farms in Botswana - Simon Peter Kakooza, Khumoetsile Bratah Mmolawa, Gilbert Kabelo Gaboutloeloe, Anne Clift-Hill - IJFMR Volume 5, Issue 5, September-October 2023. DOI 10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i05.6513
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i05.6513
Short DOI	https://doi.org/gssfp2

View / Download PDF File

E-ISSN 2582-2160

doi

CrossRef DOI is assigned to each research paper published in our journal.

IJFMR DOI prefix is
10.36948/ijfmr

Downloads

Research Paper Format Copyright Permission Form and Undertaking Form Cover Page Vol 6 Isu 6 Cover Page Vol 6 Isu 5 Cover Page Vol 6 Isu 4

All research papers published on this website are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and all rights belong to their respective authors/researchers.

CC-BY-SA

About IJFMR Fees & Payment Current Issue Publication Archive	Submit Research Paper Track Submission Status Publication Guidelines Publication Ethics Peer Review & Plagiarism	Join as a Reviewer Editors & Reviewers Reviewer Referral Program Get Reviewer Membership Certi.	Website/Journal Policies Usage Policy Content Policies Privacy Policy

Contact Us		+91-9898-5948-55	editor@ijfmr.com

International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Agricultural Drainage Water Assessment for Possible Reuse: A Case Study from Pandamatenga Commercial Arable Farms in Botswana

Share this